军事趣闻：“二流货”居然击败超级大国！

一般说来，事物发展的秩序总是新的代替旧的，落后的让位于先进的。当今世界，军事科技革命日新月异，大批高技术兵器和新概念武器不断出现，我们的目光再紧盯世界军事科技前沿的同时，决不能忘记了对现有武器装备的战斗力的提升，不能忽略了大量“过时落后”的军事装备，也就是我们经常听到的那句话：“在加快研制新装备的同时，充分挖掘现有装备的潜力”。这是我们的国情所致，从军事科学的角度来分析也是合情合理的。 　
武器装备在不停的更新换代，如果一种新式武器研制出来了，部队立刻全面列装既不经济也不现实。以坦克为例，即使是财大气粗的美国日本也还有相当数量的M—60、74式坦克装备，这两型坦克大致于苏制Ｔ—64相当，在三大性能方面要弱于我军的80式主战坦克。
　 说一件有趣的旧事。朝鲜战争期间，交战双方都装备了喷气式战斗机，因此交战双方的对空防御也都是以这种高技术武器为主要目标。美军在朝鲜的的机场均装备了高性能的防空雷达。然而，对三八线附近的美军机场而言，威胁最大的却不是喷气式米格飞机，而是老式的螺旋桨飞机。甚至连老掉牙的苏制拉2飞机也能对美军机场构成严重威胁。这些像古董一样木质的双翼飞机往往利用夜色的掩护低空偷袭美军机场，美军高性能的防空雷达居然发现不了，而美军装备的先进的F—80、 F—84、F—86喷气式战斗机由于速度快而无法阻止这种时速不足300公里的小飞机的攻击。 　
于是，火箭弹美军的机场经常在半夜拉响防空警报，虽然拉2飞机因为载弹量小威胁不大，无法给美军机场造成毁灭性打击，经常是扔两颗炸弹就走，但美军官兵却被弄得夜不能寐，美军飞行员更是提心吊胆，生怕他们的宝贝坐骑有闪失。美军官兵给这些晚上来的拉2飞机起了个绰号叫“查铺的查理”。 　
　类似让先进的防空系统大出其丑的事例还有，我不妨讲讲。 　
1987年11月25日晚，一位巴勒斯坦游击队员乘风筝滑翔机从天而降，出现在黎巴嫩南部的一座以色列兵营附近。他截了一辆军车，打死一名司机，打伤一名女兵，然后用手榴弹、自动步枪向军营猛攻。共打死6名以色列士兵，打伤一人。 　
这一事件震怒了以色列当局，他们称之为“无耻的战争”。但以色列当局动怒的真正原因并不是伤亡的数字，而是这次事件给他们带来的耻辱。 　
据说，这位巴勒斯坦人驾驶的风筝滑翔机是再简单不过了。机上的马达和家用的除草机上的马达差不多大小。就凭这玩艺儿，他就轻而易举地闯过了由雷达、夜间探测器和电网所构成的、被以色列当局称为“安全带”的防线。这对以色列的防御系统来说不能不是一个极大的讽刺。　
　再讲一件在当时轰动一时的新闻。在冷战时期，号称世界超级大国的前苏联也受到类似的嘲弄。一个乳臭未干的原西德青年马蒂亚斯?鲁斯特驾着一架轻型运动飞机居然悠然自得地穿越了“世界上最庞大的防空网”，在莫斯科的红场安然降落。
　前苏联颜面尽失，辩解说，这架轻型体育飞机一进入前苏联就被发现了，前苏联立即派出两架歼击机跟踪。但由于这架飞机即小且慢，飞得又低。歼击机跟踪不便。但前苏联防空军司令伊万?特里季涅克事后说，前苏联空军当时就发现了这个来自汉堡的19岁的青年，只是由于下级军官当时不知如何处理又未能找到一位敢于负责的军官。 　
不论何种说法都表明了前苏联防空系统存在着漏洞。为此，前苏联国防部长索科洛夫元帅和国防部副部长兼防空军司令亚历山大?科尔多诺夫丢了乌纱帽。 　
以上几个事例很具代表性。其实，低技术武器同高技术武器之间的争斗在现代战场到处可见。由于对高技术武器非同凡响的巨大战斗能力，交战双方对高技术武器的针对性防御和打击也特别重视。举个例子，第二次世界大战以来，随着电子技术在军事领域中的广泛应用，催生了精确制导武器。精确制导武器在日益受到宠爱的同时，也越来越受到威胁。在一些战争中，制导武器的空中打击率在不断下降，而非制导武器的空中打击率却常常出人意料地呈上升趋势。 　
在朝鲜战争中，美军损失飞机约1000架，其大部分并非被先进的米格战机击落的，其2\3是被被高炮击落的；在越南战争中，由于美军强有力的电子干扰，使得依赖于制导系统的“萨姆”导弹攻击力陡然降低。以1966年1月至7月统计为例，其低空飞机共损失393架，这当中有374架是被小口径高炮和高射机枪火力击中的，占击落数的95％。而在1968年美军轰炸越南北方损失的831架飞机中，被一般火炮击落的达696架，占总数的83．8％。 再从最近几场现代局部战争也很能说明问题。尽管高技术武器效能卓著，但从战后实际统计结果看，大多数中低技术武器在战争中的地位和作用仍不可忽视。它们并不甘心退出战争舞台，仍可发挥其特有的威力。 　
1982年英阿马岛战争中，英军价值数千万美元的“谢菲尔德”号驱逐舰，其现代化程度不能算低，只是由于存在着对付低空和超低空目标能力较差的弱点，阿军仅用一枚价值20万美元，能够贴海面飞行的“飞鱼”导弹，就使这艘庞然大物葬身洋底。 　
80年代在海湾，伊朗人把俄国人在一次大战中使用的水雷和瑞典人制造的游艇都变成了它主要的海上作战武器。搞得全副现代化设备武装的外国军舰惶惶不安。这种带角的黑糊糊的水雷炸毁了多艘舰只，炸死数十名船员。它的威力要比“飞鱼”导弹更大。伊朗还把三角帆船和橡皮艇加以改造，组成了一支混合舰队，并扬言要派士兵开着装满炸药的船去和敌人同归于尽。西方的军官们担心，在这些木船面前，他们的雷达和由电脑控制的导弹可能会失灵。美国为了保护其“高技术” 军舰免受伊朗的水雷和快艇的攻击，不仅动用了特种部队，还调了6只经过训练的海豚到海湾排雷、报警。
　再以伊拉克战争为例，萨达姆指挥的伊军崩溃之后，仍然在坚持抵抗的反美游击队并没有装备什么高技术武器，反美战士最先进最重型的武器无非是一些迫击炮、地雷和少量的“毒刺”导弹。但以美军自己证实的情况来看，已先后有空军的F—15 E战斗机、A—10攻击机，海军的F—18“大黄蜂”战斗机、F—14“雄猫”战斗机，海军陆战队的CH—53“海上种马”重型运输直升机，陆军的AH—64阿帕奇武装直升机，HU—60“黑鹰”直升机、CH—47支努干直升机，以及M1A1主战坦克、M2步兵战车、无人侦察机等先进的武器平台被伊拉克军民击落、击毁，由此造成的人员伤亡已经超过了总数的10%，特别是去年三四月间，反美战士巧用地雷将一辆M1A1主战坦克炸得 “身首异处”（那幅M1A1被炸毁的照片出处是美国国防部）。由此看来，低技术武器并非在战争中一无是处，它依然能够对传说中“刀枪不入”的高技术武器造成相当的威胁。可以肯定地说，今后一定的时间内，现代战场上仍将是高、中、低技术武器并存的局面。因此，如何充分发掘和发挥中低技术武器的潜能，仍然是各国特别是发展中国家关注的焦点。 　
军事专家指出，尽管高技术武器尽管有“1＋1>2”的功能性优势，但也有“100－1<99”的严重结构性弱点。中低技术武器与高技术武器相比仍具有诸多强项和优势……
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Generally speaking, things are always the development of a new order to replace the old, outdated given way to advanced. In today's world, military science and technology revolution with each passing day, a large number of high-tech weapons and weapons of emerging new concept, we look again targeting the world's military frontier science and technology at the same time, must not forget the combat effectiveness of existing weapons and equipment upgrading, we can not ignore a lot of "Obsolete backward," the military equipment, that is, we often hear that phrase: "accelerate the development of new equipment at the same time, fully tap the potential of existing equipment." This is due to our national conditions, from a military point of view of science is also reasonable. Weapons and equipment kept in the upgrading, if a new weapons developed, the full forces out immediately with neither economic nor practical. With tanks as an example, even Caitaiqicu the United States and Japan also have a considerable number of M-60, 74-tanks and equipment, generally in the two-Soviet-made tanks T-64 is, in the three properties to be weaker than the military - 80 main battle tanks. Said an interesting old things. During the Korean War, the two warring sides are equipped with jet fighters, the two warring sides of the air defense are also in this high-tech weapons as the main target. U.S. troops in North Korea's airport are equipped with high-performance air defense radar. However, the U.S. military airport near the 38th parallel, the biggest threat is not the MiG jet aircraft, but the old propeller aircraft. Even the Lao Diaoya pull two Soviet-made aircraft can also pose a serious threat to U.S. airports. Such as antique wood, like the wings of aircraft often use the cover of darkness low-altitude attack on the U.S. military airport, the U.S. military high-performance air defense radar can not even found, the U.S. military equipment and advanced F-80, F-84, F-86 jet As fast-fighters could not stop this 300 km per hour less than the small plane attacks. Thus, rocket-propelled grenades at U.S. airports in the middle of the night often sounding the alarm air defense, although the two aircraft because of Zaidan Liang pull small little threat, the U.S. military airport not to suffer devastating blows, often throwing two bombs leave, but the U.S. Army officers and soldiers has been made Yebunengmei, the U.S. pilot was nervous for fear of their baby horse is packed. U.S. troops to those of the night to pull two aircraft had nicknamed called "Shop the investigation Charlie." Similar to the advanced air defense systems to its ugly examples are, I may wish to talk about. 1987 on 25 November evening, a Palestinian guerrillas by kite-glider droped in the sky, in southern Lebanon near an Israeli military barracks. He has a cut-off military vehicles, killing one driver and wounding a female soldier, and then use hand grenades, automatic rifles to the barracks onslaught. Killed a total of six Israeli soldiers and wounded one person. The incident enraged the Israeli authorities, they call it "shameless war." However, the Israeli authorities Dongnu is not the real reason for the number of casualties, but the incident brought shame to them. It is said that the Palestinian people driving kite glider is a simple again. On board the motor home and on the Chu Caoji almost the size of the motor. This thought his tricks could Jiuping, he easily passed by the radar and night by a detector and power grids, by the Israeli authorities called "security belts" line of defense. This is Israel's defense system can not be not a great irony. Zaijiang one was hit in the press. During the Cold War, the so-called world superpower like the former Soviet Union has also been a mockery. Ruchouweigan a former West German youth Mathias »Brewster movement driven by a light aircraft to even slow life through the" world's largest air defense network ", in Moscow's Red Square safely landed. Yanmianjinshi the former Soviet Union, argued that this light-sport aircraft entered the former Soviet Union was found on the former Soviet Union immediately dispatched two fighter planes to track. However, because the plane is small Juman, fly low. Fighters tracking inconvenience. However, former Soviet Air Defense Force Commander Ivan »Terry said after the quarter Nieke, the former Soviet Union at that time the Air Force discovered this from Hamburg's 19-year-old youth, it was only because of lower-level officers do not know how to deal with at that time also failed to find the courage to charge a Military officer. Whatever that show that the former Soviet air defense system there are loopholes. To this end, the former Soviet Defense Minister Marshal Sokolov and deputy defense minister and air defense commander Alexander »Kohl lost more诺夫Wu Shamao. Some examples are more representative. In fact, low-technology weapons with high-tech weapons in the struggle between the modern battlefield seen everywhere. Because of the high-tech weapons and an amazing tremendous fighting ability, the two warring sides of the targeted high-tech weaponry and combat defense also special attention. For example, since the Second World War, with the electronic technology in the military field in a wide range of applications, hastened the birth of precision-guided weapons. Precision-guided weapons in favor of increasing At the same time, more and more under threat. In some war, the guided weapons in the air strike rate has been decreasing rather than guided weapons the rate of air strikes have often unexpectedly on the rise. In the Korean War, the U.S. military aircraft loss of about 1,000, most of its not being advanced MiG fighter planes shot down, and the 2 \ 3 was shot down by anti-aircraft artillery in the Vietnam War, the U.S. military has a strong electronic Interference, made dependent on the guidance system of "Sam" of missile attack suddenly reduced. In January 1966 to July statistics as an example, its low-altitude aircraft lost 393, of which 374 are small-calibre anti-aircraft guns and anti-aircraft artillery fire hit, accounting for 95 percent of the number shot down. In 1968 the U.S. bombing of North Vietnam loss of 831 aircraft, artillery general was shot down by the 696, accounting for 83.8 percent. From the last several modern local war also very good explanation. Despite the outstanding performance of high-tech weapons, but the actual results after the war, most in low-technology weapons in the war remains the status and role can not be ignored. They are not willing to withdraw from the war, can still play its unique power. 1982 Britain and Argentina in the Falklands war, the British tens of millions of dollars worth of "Sheffield" the destroyer of its modernization can not be low, and it was only because there is a low-altitude and minimum altitude to deal with poor ability to target the weaknesses, only security forces A value of 200,000 U.S. dollars, to paste the flight of the sea "Exocet" missiles, set off on the monster that killed the ocean floor. 1980s in the Gulf, the Iranians Russia in World War mines used in the manufacture of boats and Swedes have become its major sea combat weapons. Do a fully modern equipment of foreign warships armed Huang Huang unrest. This angle of Heihu Hu with the mine blew up a number of ships, killing dozens of crew members. It's powerful than "Exocet" missile greater. Iran also dhows and boats to transform, formed a mixed fleet and threatened to send soldiers drove to a boat filled with explosives and enemies perish together. Western military officers are worried that in the face of these wooden boat, their radar and computer-controlled missile may be malfunctioning. The United States in order to protect its "high technology" from Iran's naval vessels and speedboats mine attacks, not only the use of special forces, but also a six-trained dolphins to the Gulf of mine, alarm. Then the war in Iraq as an example, the collapse of Saddam's command of the Iraqi army, still adhering to the anti-US guerrilla resistance is not what high-tech weapons and equipment, the most advanced anti-US fighters of the heavy weapons is nothing but a number of mortars, Mines and a small number of "Stinger" missile. However, the U.S. military confirmed that its own situation, has the Air Force has F-15 E fighter jets, A-10 attack aircraft, the Navy's F-18 "Hornet" fighters, F-14 "Tomcat" fighter aircraft, naval landing Teams of the CH-53 "Sea Stallion" heavy transport helicopters, the Army's AH-64 Apache helicopter gunships, HU-60 "Black Hawk" helicopters, CH-47 Chinook helicopter, and the M1A1 main battle tanks, M2 Infantry fighting vehicles and unmanned reconnaissance aircraft, and other advanced weapons platforms shot down by Iraqi soldiers and civilians, destroyed, the resulting casualties has exceeded 10% of the total, in particular the March-April last year, anti-US fighters Using mines will be a M1A1 main battle tanks were bombed in the "Shenshouyichu" (Tug M1A1 destroyed photo source is the U.S. Department of Defense). Seen in this light, low-technology weapons in war is not nothing, it is still able to legends of the "guns and knives into the" high-tech weapons pose a threat. Can be sure that the future within a certain period of time, the modern battlefield will continue to be high, medium and low-technology weapons and the coexistence of the situation. Therefore, how to fully explore and play in the potential of low-technology weapons, is still especially in the developing countries the focus of attention. Military experts point out that, despite the high-tech weapons in spite of "1 +1> 2," the functional advantages, but there are also ……（点此阅读全文）